{"id":3586,"date":"2024-05-15T18:03:01","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T08:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wwwip.com.au\/hcanew\/?page_id=3586"},"modified":"2024-06-06T16:57:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T06:57:01","slug":"doctrine-and-beliefs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wwwip.com.au\/hcanew\/doctrine-and-beliefs\/","title":{"rendered":"Doctrine and Beliefs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Hinduism Doctrine and Beliefs\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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What is Hinduism<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hinduism<\/strong>\u00a0is an\u00a0Indian<\/a>\u00a0Dharma<\/a>, or a way of life,[note 1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0widely practiced in\u00a0South Asia<\/a>. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world,[note 2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as\u00a0San\u0101tana Dharma<\/a><\/em>, \u201cthe eternal tradition\u201d, or the \u201ceternal way\u201d, beyond human history.[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a>Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion[note 3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0or synthesis[6]<\/a>[note 4]<\/a>\u00a0of various Indian cultures and traditions,[7]<\/a>[note 5]<\/a>\u00a0with diverse roots[8]<\/a>[note 6]<\/a>\u00a0and no founder.[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0This \u201cHindu synthesis\u201d started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE,[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0following the\u00a0Vedic period<\/a>\u00a0(1500 BCE to 500 BCE).[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a><\/p>

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Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals,\u00a0cosmology<\/a>,\u00a0shared textual resources<\/a>, and\u00a0pilgrimage to sacred sites<\/a>.\u00a0Hindu texts<\/a>\u00a0are classified into\u00a0\u015aruti<\/a>\u00a0(\u201cheard\u201d) and\u00a0Sm\u1e5bti<\/a>\u00a0(\u201cremembered\u201d). These texts discuss theology,\u00a0philosophy<\/a>,\u00a0mythology<\/a>,\u00a0Vedic<\/a>\u00a0yajna<\/a>,\u00a0Yoga<\/a>,\u00a0agamic<\/a>\u00a0rituals<\/a>, and\u00a0temple building<\/a>, among other topics.[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Major scriptures include the\u00a0Vedas<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Upanishads<\/a>, the\u00a0Bhagavad Gita<\/a>, and the\u00a0Agamas<\/a>.[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u00a0Sources of authority and eternal truths in its texts play an important role, but there is also a strong Hindu tradition of questioning authority in order to deepen the understanding of these truths and to further develop the tradition.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>

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Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four\u00a0Puru\u1e63\u0101rthas<\/a>, the proper goals or aims of human life, namely\u00a0Dharma<\/a>\u00a0(ethics\/duties),\u00a0Artha<\/a>\u00a0(prosperity\/work),\u00a0Kama<\/a>\u00a0(desires\/passions) and\u00a0Moksha<\/a>\u00a0(liberation\/freedom\/salvation);[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a>\u00a0karma<\/a>\u00a0(action, intent and consequences),\u00a0Sa\u1e43s\u0101ra<\/a>\u00a0(cycle of rebirth), and the various\u00a0Yogas<\/a>\u00a0(paths or practices to attain moksha).[14]<\/a>[18]<\/a>\u00a0Hindu practices include rituals such as\u00a0puja<\/a>\u00a0(worship) and recitations, meditation, family-oriented\u00a0rites of passage<\/a>, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages. Some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions, then engage in lifelong\u00a0Sannyasa<\/a>(monastic practices) to achieve Moksha.[19]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties, such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings (ahimsa<\/a>), patience, forbearance, self-restraint, and compassion, among others.[web 1]<\/a>[20]<\/a>\u00a0The four largest\u00a0denominations<\/a>\u00a0of Hinduism are the\u00a0Vaishnavism<\/a>,\u00a0Shaivism<\/a>,\u00a0Shaktism<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Smartism<\/a>.[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>

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Hinduism is the\u00a0world\u2019s third largest religion<\/a>; its followers, known as\u00a0Hindus<\/a>, number about\u00a01.15 billion<\/a>, or 15\u201316% of the global population.[web 2]<\/a>[22]<\/a>\u00a0Hindus form the majority of the population in\u00a0India<\/a>,\u00a0Nepal<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Mauritius<\/a>. Significant Hindu communities are also found in the\u00a0Caribbean<\/a>,\u00a0Africa<\/a>,\u00a0North America<\/a>, and\u00a0other countries<\/a>.[23]<\/a>[24]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hindu Denominations<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hindu denominations<\/b>\u00a0are traditions within\u00a0Hinduism<\/a>\u00a0centered on one or more gods or goddesses, such as\u00a0Shiva<\/a>,\u00a0Vishnu<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Brahma<\/a>.[1]<\/a>\u00a0Sometimes the term is used for\u00a0sampradayas<\/i>\u00a0led by a particular\u00a0guru<\/a>\u00a0with a particular philosophy.[2]<\/a><\/p>

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Four major traditions are,\u00a0Vaishnavism<\/i>,\u00a0Shaivism<\/i>,\u00a0Shaktism<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0Smartism<\/i>.[1]<\/a>[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u00a0These are sometimes referred to as the denominations of Hinduism, and they differ in the primary deity at the center of the tradition.[6]<\/a>\u00a0A notable feature of Hindu denominations is that they do not deny other concepts of the divine or deity, and often celebrate the other as henotheistic equivalent.[7]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>

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The denominations of Hinduism, are unlike those found in major religions of the world, because individuals can practice more than one.\u00a0<\/sup>Although Hinduism contains many denominations and philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals,\u00a0cosmology<\/a>,\u00a0shared textual resources<\/a>,\u00a0pilgrimage to sacred sites<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0questioning of authority<\/a>.[9]\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0These deity-centered denominations feature a synthesis of various\u00a0philosophies<\/a>\u00a0such as Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta, as well as shared spiritual concepts such as\u00a0moksha<\/a>,\u00a0dharma<\/a>,\u00a0karma<\/a>,\u00a0samsara<\/a>, ethical precepts such as\u00a0ahimsa<\/a>, texts (Upanishads<\/a>,\u00a0Puranas<\/a>,\u00a0Mahabharata<\/a>, Agamas), ritual grammar and rites of passage.[9]<\/a>[15]<\/a><\/p>

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In\u00a0Hinduism, a\u00a0sampradaya\u00a0(IAST\u00a0samprad\u0101ya) is like a denomination too.[17]\u00a0These are teaching traditions with autonomous practices and monastic centers, with a\u00a0guru\u00a0lineage, with ideas developed and transmitted, redefined and reviewed by each successive generation of followers.[18]\u00a0A particular\u00a0guru\u00a0lineage is called\u00a0parampara. By receiving\u00a0diksha (initiation)\u00a0into the\u00a0parampara\u00a0of a living guru, one belongs to its proper\u00a0sampradaya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hindu beliefs<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hindu beliefs include<\/p>